Using a professional DSLR camera to measure total shrinkage of resin composites

Abstract This study evaluated the optical method for measuring free total shrinkage using a Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera. Eight composites were evaluated, conventional, bulk fill and low-shrinkage: Z100 (3M Oral Care), Gradia Direct Anterior (GC corporation), Spectra Smart (Dentsply), Filtek Z350 XT (3M Oral Care), Aura Bulk Fill (SDI), Vittra APS (FGM), Opus Bulk Fill APS (FGM), and Beautifil II LS (Shofu Inc.). The samples (6 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thick, n = 10) were placed on a polyvinylsiloxane impression material. An image of the uncured sample was captured using a DSLR camera with 105 mm macro lens and a ring flash. Samples were light cured with a 700 mW/cm2 LED light-cure unit for 40s. Post-polymerization images were captured at 2, 10 and 60 min. Projected circumferential areas of the specimens were drawn using the ImageJ software. Volumetric total shrinkage was calculated from the ratio of the areas obtained from pre- and post-curing. Results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Tukey test. Volumetric total shrinkage values were significantly different among the composite materials (p < .001). The volumetric shrinkage (%) mean and results of Tukey test at 60 min were: Z100: 3.45±0.30 (A); Gradia Direct Anterior: 3.00 ± 0.23 (B); Spectra Smart 2.89 ± 0.35 (B); Filtek Z350 XT: 2.65 ± 0.37 (BC); Aura Bulk Fill: 2.42 ± 0.25 (CD); Vittra APS: 2.14 ± 0.35 (DE); Opus Bulk Fill APS: 1.91 ± 0.24 (E); Beautifil II LS: 1.18 ± 0.16 (F). The optical method using a DSLR camera, was suitable for total shrinkage evaluation and will allow assessment of total shrinkage without the need for specialized equipment.

Forças de contração de polimerização em resinas compostas constituídas com novas matrizes orgânicas e fotoativadas por diferentes técnicas / Polymerization shrinkage stress of composite resins containing new organic matrices and photocured by different techniques

Objetivo: Verificar a força de contração de polimerização de três diferentes resinas compostas em função de dois métodos de fotopolimerização (convencional e pulso tardio). Foram selecionados para o estudo três materiais, com diferentes matrizes orgânicas: Bis-GMA ­ Filtek Z250 XT (3M-ESPE, Saint Paul, Minnesotta, EUA); Silorano ­ Filtek P90 (3M-ESPE, Saint Paul, Minnesotta, EUA) e TCD-Uretano - Charisma Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil). Material e Método: Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados a partir de uma matriz retangular de aço inoxidável (6mm x 1mm x 2mm), posicionados em uma máquina de ensaios universal (Instron, Modelo 5965) para registro da força de contração de polimerização (Newtons). A fotoativação foi executada em cada grupo com fonte de luz do tipo LED (600mW/cm2) sob dois protocolos de fotoativação: contínuo - 40s (600mW/cm2) e pulso tardio - 5s (600mW/cm2) + 1 min sem luz + 35s (600mW/ cm2). Considerou-se como força de contração o valor registrado pela máquina de ensaios 2 minutos após o início da aplicação da luz no espécime. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), seguido pelo teste de Tukey (p=0,05). Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre as duas técnicas de polimerização testadas nas resinas compostas à base de silorano e TCD-Uretano, porém, houve diferença para a resina à base de Bis-GMA. Conclusão: A técnica de pulso influenciou positivamente na redução da força de contração em matriz polimérica à base de Bis-GMA, entretanto, não promoveu benefícios para as resinas à base de silorano e TCD-Uretano. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Contração; Fotopolimerização

Purpose: To evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress of three different composite resins cured with two methods photopolymerization (conventional and pulse delay). Three materials were selected for the study, with different organic matrices: Bis- GMA - Filtek Z250 XT (3M-ESPE, Saint Paul, Minenesotta, USA); Silorano - Filtek P90 (3M-ESPE, Saint Paul, Minenesotta, USA) e TCD-Uretane - Charisma Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). Materials and Method: The samples were made from a stainless steel matrix with rectangular internal geometry (6mm x 1mm x 2mm), which was mounted in an universal testing machine (Instron, Model 5965) in order to register the polymerization shrinkage stress (Newtons). The photoactivation was performed in each group with a LED (600mW/cm) light source, under two photoactivation protocols: continuous - 40s (600mW/cm) and pulse delay - 5s (600mW/cm) + 1 min with no light + 35s (600mW/cm). It was considered as shrinkage stress the value registered by the testing machine two minutes after the start of the specimen's cure. The values obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test (p=0.05). Results: There was no significant statistical difference between the two polymerization techniques tested in the composite resins based on silorane and TCD-Urethane, but there was difference in the resin based on Bis-GMA. Conclusion: The pulse delay technique positively influenced in reducing the shrinkage stress in the polymeric matrix made of Bis- GMA, but did not provide benefits to resins made of silorane and TCD-Urethane.